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The Pythagorean prayer in theurgy: Praise wisdom above ALL else, praise the gods who praise wisdom and those who likewise praise wisdom, praise the Absolute. Let wisdom be my sole desire both in this life and what follows. Wisdom is the soul, the soul is wisdom; it is wisdom that seeks wisdom, it is the soul that seeks itself. Light to light, soul to soul, liberation is the only fulfillment, let me seek diligently for the nobility that transcends this world which fools hold dear, but the wise do not. Only wisdom, and wisdom alone.

PLOTINUS, PLATO,....PYTHAGORAS, AND THE METAPHYSICIAN MONISTS BEFORE THEM WHO CARRIED THE LOST SECRETS OF COSMIC MECHANICS, EXISTENCE, AND THE NATURE OF TOTALITY.

Articles by Professor A.H. Armstrong 
A www exclusive here on kathodos.com
     These articles below are rare to find and incredibly well written on topics regarding aspects of Neoplatonism, negative dialectics, and Platonic metaphysics. There exists no other articles on these topics which are more pithy, or more intelligently well written than these. All files in are Adobe PDF format.

The Theory of the Non-existence of Matter in Plotinus (1.96MB)
The Negative Theology of Nous in Later Neoplatonism (2.79 MB)
Some Advantages of Polytheism (3.43 MB)
Doctrine of the Soul in the Thoughts of Plotinus (3.91 MB)
Two Views of Freedom. A Christian Objection in Plotinus (4.04 MB)
Was Plotinus a Magician? (4.13 MB)
Spiritual or Intelligible Matter in Plotinus and St. Augustine (4.20 MB)
EMANATION IN PLOTINUS (4.24 MB)
Plotinus and India (4.56 MB)
Eternity, Life, and Movement in Plotinus' account of Nous (5.39 MB)
Beauty and the Discovery of Divinity in the Thoughts of Plotinus (5.45 MB)
Plotonic Love (5.56 MB)
Negative Theology, Myth and Incarnation (5.87 MB)
Man in the Cosmos, Some Differences between Neoplatonism and Christianity (6.46 MB)
Elements in the Thoughts of Plotinus at Variance with Classical Intellectualism (6.71 MB)
Plotinus' Doctrine of the Infinite and its Significance for Christian Thought (6.95 MB)
On Not Knowing Too Much About God (7.08 MB)
Salvation, Plotinian and Christian (7.20 MB)
The Apprehension of Divinity in the Self and Cosmos in Plotinus (7.33 MB)
Negative Theology (7.69 MB)
The Escape of the One (7.95 MB)
Pagan and Christian Traditionalism in the First Three Centuries (8.61 MB)
Platonic Eros and Christian Agape (9.09 MB)
Dualism, Platonic, Gnostic, and Christian (9.54 MB)
Background of the Doctrine that "Intelligibles are not outside the Intellect" (10.8 MB)
Form, Individual and Person in Plotinus (11.6 MB)
Platonic Mirrors (12.6 MB)
The Hidden and Open in Platonic Thought (13.5 MB)
The Self-Definition of Christianity in Relation to Later Neoplatonism (13.8 MB)
Tradition, Reason, and Experience in Platonism (14.0 MB)
Gnosis and Greek Philosophy (21.8 MB)
Other Extremely Intelligent Articles on Neoplatonism 
A www exclusive here on kathodos.com
The Descent of the Soul (8.19 MB)
Emanationism in the doctrine of  Plotinus (7.87 MB)
*BOOK*: The Exhortation to Philosophy by Iamblichus (36.5 MB)
Nous and Soul (7.35 MB)
Knowledge in the One (7.3 MB)
Originality of Plotinus (9.12 MB)
The Plotinian One (8.58 MB)
Plotinus book V (5.72 MB)
The Logos (9.21 MB)
Soul, world-soul, and individual soul in Plotinus (4.5 MB)
GREEK Section of Time and Eternity (2.68 MB)
THE COMPLETE WORKS OF PLATO

ALL FILES IN .TXT FORMAT 
ALL FILES ARE 100% COMPLETE TRANSLATIONS
INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY AND WRITINGS OF PLATO by Thomas Taylor (231 KB)

APOLOGY CHARMIDES    CRATYLUS         CRITIAS          CRITO       EUTHYDEMUS     EUTHYPHRO      GORGIAS
ION          LACHES        LAWS       LYSIS            MENEXENUS       MENO
PARMENIDES         PHAEDO              PHAEDRUS             PHILEBUS             PROTAGORAS
REPUBLIC       SOPHIST                STATESMAN      SYMPOSIUM        THEAETETUS         TIMAEUS
COMPLETE WORKS OF ARISTOTLE


THE ATHENIAN CONSTITUTION        CATEGORIES     HISTORY OF ANIMALS
METAPHYSICS                NICOMACHEAN ETHICS              ON INTERPRETATION
ON MEMORY AND REMINISCENCE        ON SENSE AND THE SENSIBLE       ON THE SOUL
 PHYSICS POETICS                    POLITICS 
POSTERIOR ANALYTICS          PRIOR ANALYTICS          RHETORIC 
Plotinus: An examination and introduction

The entire works of Plotinus ZIP (640KB)
Plotinus-"In this state of absorbed contemplation there is no longer question of holding an object: the vision is continuous so that seeing and seen are one thing; object and act of vision have become identical; of all that until then filled the eye no memory remains." [6.7.35]

Highest recommended reading: 
“Neoplatonism and Indian Thought” edited by R. Baine Harris
“Neoplatonism and Indian Philosophy” edited by Paulos Mar Gregorios
“Greek Philosophical Terms” by F.E. Peters
“The Greeks in India” by by Demetrios Vassaliades. 

The entire works of Plato (2.54 MB)    The entire works of Plotinus HTML(1.67 MB)
The Soul by Aristotle (PDF)

Compressed file: The entire works of Plotinus (640KB)    Proclus' Elements of Theology

THE NEOPLATONIC WRITTINGS OF NUMENIUS (PDF 8.8 MB)

Pythagoras, Plato, and the Golden Ratio (PDF 2 MB)

GEMISTOS PLETHON (PDF 41.1 MB)

A SHORT INTRODUCTION TO ALBINUS

DID ARISTOTLE UNDERSTAND PLATO? AN EXCELLENT ARTICLE ON PLATONISM

Pythagoras, Plato, and the Golden Ratio (PDF 2 MB)


The Cause of the Descent of the Soul
Or, that there is no first cause of Soul’s descent. The alpha principle behind Emanationism
Copyright 2-2008 webmaster kathodos.com

Plotinus, the greatest metaphysician who has ever lived, upon whose shoulders us very few have seen further still.

     The most ancient and unsolved mystery of the cause, impetus, reasoning, logic behind the soul’s descent is something unsolved by all save Platonism and Buddhism/Advaita/Vedanta, and sadly though Buddhism was correct to deem avijja as, so to say, first cause in its descent metaphysics as embodied by Buddhism’s paticcasamuppada plan, its founder lacked the wisdom and foresight to see the necessity of a full metaphysics for his ministries survival and denied outright his followers any elaboration into the metaphysics of same, including the specifics for the soul’s descent. We might include half-truths in the models of heavily veiled metaphors and analogies as found in some ancient systems regarding partially true explanations for the soul’s descent, however these same symbolically drenched religious systems were and are highly counterproductive to a sharp insight into the logical system of the whys and hows of the metaphysical mechanics behind the embodiment of souls. 
     Ignorance is cause of the soul’s descent, as deemed TOLMA in Plotinus [5.1.1] for the reason behind the soul’s necessity of embodiment, also avijja/avidya in Buddhism’s paticcasamuppada plan. Without going into details of avijja specifically which I cover elsewhere, suffice to see avijja is meant the attribute of the Good, the One, the insentient superprinciple behind the Kosmos noetos (noetic, or spiritual cosmos, the immaterial and metaphysical universe under and behind the visible, material cosmos). Causes pertain as coordinate to the principle (of the One) wherein which the attribute is not differentiated from the principle of the Absolute. It cannot be said that the impetus for descent differs between the attribute of the One, or that of privation (tolma/avidya), such that said privation has no Cartesian position as cause for embodiment, and wisdom wherein it is acknowledged, or made self-known (initiatory realization of ones predicament), that a lack of wisdom (of the nature of ones immaterial Selfhood or divinity) is present as the perpetual and continuing impetus for embodiment. The One, the Absolute may be thought of conventionally as point (principle) and line (attribute), both of which together ‘spell’ as it were the One, for the One cannot, does not, may not ‘stay in itself’ (Plotinus, Plato) but radiates its Goodness outwards such that it is in nature, as it is in its activity; to deny same is to deny the One altogether, to negate the very definition of the One. The One carries with it no fault for embodiment, for the One is neither sentient nor being, but rather the principle behind being, suffice to mention that the One cannot be being is dealt with elsewhere by myself; as such ‘God is to blame’ cannot come to pass, for the One is not being, cannot be God. The error of inverse relation or composition as created by Creationists who have wrongly concluded from the truism “as above, so below” (true to Emanationism) therefore necessitates that beings here are a lesser manifestation of superbeing there (i.e. God), therefore the Absolute must be God. This same super-error is dealt with not only by Platonism, but by Vedanta as well. 
     It is impossible to contradict the very system of Emanationism by separating the One in its principle and the activity of the One; such would be establishing a contradiction to the system itself. As Plotinus himself would point out [4.8.6] the absolute and utter necessity besides unity (of the One) must be present, for if not, the One would not be the One, and the One would be halted in and to itself, an unbroken whole without attribute; but of course it cannot happen that even the Good, the One, may be devoid of an attribute, for what the One is in its physis (nature) is also that which it is in its activity, or attribute (nous, willing, illumination [to objectivity as yet unmanifest]). Discerning, as men have tried to do thru time immemorial, assign or find blame for the soul’s embodiment is a dog chasing its tail, an exercise in capital futility; for there is neither locus nor personal blame for the soul’s descent, no ‘original sin’ common to Creationism. Monism/Emanationism’s absolute simplicity is only bested by its absolutely choate, logical and intelligent philosophical mechanics, for Emanationism would be a truism to Occham’s razor; nothing more simple can or could be devised. 
     Necessity of Emanationism, or its equivalency, the soul’s descent as such must be seen in wisdom’s light of the nature and mechanics of the Monistic system common to Platonism, Vedanta, to wit what the One is in nature, or principle, cannot, shall not, may not, can never be differentiated from what it is in its activity, or as Plato has said that “to be the Good, means (it) does Good”. There exists nothing in either the material or immaterial cosmos which is lacking in at least one attribute, even That which is most utterly simplex, the One, or the Good (Brahman, the Absolute), just as light cannot be differentiated from what it is in its activity (illumination) nor will/mind from what it is in its activity (willing, mentation). This primordial uncaused ‘cause’ (no real cause) of the principle, will, or nous towards objectification (tolma, a-vijja, a-vidya) in its attribute, undistinguishable from its principle as the Good, has no Cartesian cause which can be pointed to as the source or, as Creationism is so fond of telling, blame for the soul’s descent. 
     As embodiment is manifest, quite literally unfolds as I have coined it, the five M’s, as it were: 1. Monad (the One, Brahman, Hen), 2. Mind (nous, citta, spirit, pneuma, soul), 3. Magnitude (topos), 4. Matter (hyle), 5. Man (On, embodied being, lesser soul), of which 1 & 2, and 3 & 4 are coeternal pairs with  5. Man/Being the union of these pairs, the Monistic Trinity or metaphysical system. The manner by which the nous has become coordinate to and with matter is due to the eidos as present within both formless matter (the byproduct of the emanation process) and the same noetic eidos as present within the nous, but those details are best saved for another discussion. Going into the details of lesser potencies of spirit is reserved for later, what is important to understand, is the means by which embodiment is itself uncaused and without directed blame either to the soul, to the One, or the empirical being, and certainly not to matter which itself does not partake of the One, but which itself is a necessity, a mirage of being as manifest thru the processes of the ones unfolding, or as meant Emanationism specifically and its byproduct, or wake, that being matter.
     Were a man to wander in the parched desert, synonymous with samsara, or empirical becoming life after life, and so perish time and again from a privation of water, something innate and synonymous with the desert itself, what could or would such a man point to as the cause of his miserable perishing? In the analogy of causes, there is no locus to point to in the instance of a privation, that privation has no locus to say “it is there, that is the cause”. The true fool suffers the desert and perishes all the while, not knowing the remedy, the precious water (wisdom, vijja, gnosis) which would free him from his many deaths, surely such a one would shake his fist at his God and find blame therein, or plead forgiveness from same. One cannot, in the metaphysics of Monism, assign cause, blame, or locus to this privation, to this lack of wisdom (Subjectivity as = Self-gnosis) as needed to be freed from this objectification (attribute of the One = self-identity, or embodiment, culmination of the soul’s descent). The One is what it does, and does what it is, to seek or assign blame for the soul’s descent is the insane quest which cannot be fulfilled. The highly intelligent go-around for the Mobius loop of assigning blame for embodiment, was as espoused in earliest Buddhism: “when this is present, that is, when this is not present, that is not”. Who can assign blame, and how can one assign blame to a light, which falls upon and becomes coincident with matter? The manifestation of being, as a finality of the soul’s descent, as equivalent to matters illumination from a light afar shining has no locus which can be so deemed cause. The One must ‘do’ as it is (in principle); to blame either the Absolute or elsewise is a fools errand in futility. The only manner in which embodiment could be removed would be to remove the One itself, a heretical and absurdly untenable proposition. 
    To understand the meaning and nature of this or any privation is to understand the reasoning not only behind embodiment but also the mechanics of the One in its pure abject simplicity. The One cannot be another, or in another way; embodiment is as much a absolute necessity as the One, the Good is necessarily by its attribute and nature, Good. To understand this absolutely simplex truth is to fully grasp with the reigns of wisdom the process and manner by which embodiment cannot be otherwise, nor shame and blame be assigned either to the soul, much less so to the One. This noetic and blissful revelation into the simplicity of the werks of the One is a grand treasure granted to but a small few who have ever lived; I bow before the grace I myself have been given into seeing this unassailable truth into the Absolute, the One, which so few have ever glimpsed. It has been akin to noetically constructing a trillion-piece jigsaw puzzle in my spirit by means of insight, and beholding a unified picture whose magnificence is only glorified all the more so by its heart-stopping simplicity which is unmatched in the material universe.
     The spiritual impotence as present in the embodied, or perpetually objectified spirit (nous, citta) is a blameless attribute of which sages and philosophers have tried to find the locus of since before time itself could or was being made count of; to which nothing can said to be an older spiritual question to be solved, for even those ignorant billions over all time’s past have desired to “know God” in so simultaneously trying to grasp, to know the reason for their pestilent enslavement and embodiment in this frail objective form of life. There is no one, nothing to blame either above or below for embodiment, but the lack of Subjective wisdom (the truth behind ones spiritual divinity) is to blame for the continuance of that very same embodiment. There is however ample cause for the non-Aryan that there is blame for his continued misery that he does not ask (philosophy) of himself for the reasoning behind his becoming, life after life and render this uncaused attribute impotent; but for all those beings, Aryan and non-Aryan alike, there exists neither cause, nor blame, nor a first cause, not a locus, for his very soul’s descent into the world, the cosmos of antinomies, becoming, the fires of time, of which there is an escape, final and everlasting; for if there were not, wisdom’s perfection would be a fruitless endeavor. 

Johannes Scottus Eriugena
The Periphyseon (On the Division of Nature)
     This book deals with Johannes Scottus Eriugena, an Irish scholar at the Court of Charles the Bald in France in the second half of the ninth century. Eriugena's main work, Periphyseon (de divisione naturae), is a remarkable attempt at a real intellectual synthesis of Neoplatonist philosophy. It was not looked upon with great favor in the Christian West except by the mystics and, more recently, by German Idealist philosophers of the last century. Now, however, because of the growth of interest in Medieval Studies, there is an increasing curiosity about Eriugena and his work. Erigena's familiarity with dialectics and with the ideas of his theological predecessors was reflected in his principal work, De divisione naturae ("On the Division of Nature"), an attempt to reconcile the Neoplatonist doctrine of emanation with the Christian tenet of creation. The work classifies nature into (1) that which creates and is not created; (2) that which creates and is created; (3) that which does not create and is created; and (4) that which does not create and is not created. The first and the fourth are God as beginning and end; the second and third are the dual mode of existence of created beings (the intelligible and the sensible). The return of all creatures to God begins with release from sin, physical death, and entry into the life hereafter. Man, for Erigena, is a microcosm of the universe because he has senses to perceive the world, reason to examine the intelligible natures and causes of things, and intellect to contemplate God. Through sin man's animal nature has predominated, but through redemption man becomes reunited with God.It seems that Eriugena's doctrine was so completely outrageous (for his time) that one day his students simply couldn't take it any more. So they arose in a mass and stabbed him to death with their quill pens!
     Second, the phrase 'primordial causes' refers to the divine ideas. They are the ideas in the mind of God. They are just as eternal as God is, and yet Eriugena thinks they are dependent on, and so in a sense inferior to, God himself. Hence, while they are "eternal", they are not, he says, "coeternal" with God. They are not quite on a par with him. The divine ideas are creative. That much is just standard doctrine. You can find that in Augustine. The divine ideas are the patterns after which the world is fashioned, the original exemplars and paradigms of all things, Platonic Forms moved into the mind of God. But because Eriugena thinks they are dependent and therefore at least minimally distinct from God, he says they are "created". Not created in time; the "primordial causes" have always been there. But created nonetheless insofar as they are dependent. This is the basis for the second charge of heresy leveled against Eriugena in the thirteenth century. I suppose it is not too much to suggest that such a doctrine has a built-in tendency toward Arianism. Since God is a nothing, we can speak of creation, as a coming forth from God, as being in a sense ex nihilo, "out of nothing", interpreted now as "out of God". This is an interesting passage, providing a curious interpretation of the doctrine of creation ex nihilo. The end of the passage sounds pantheistic. Eriugena does not take the phrase 'ex nihilo' to refer to the absence of any pre-existing matter, as most people do. He doesn't believe in matter even after the creation, so creation ex nihilo could hardly mean that for him. For Eriugena, all reality, including physical reality, is made up entirely of spiritual beings. Hence Eriugena is led to reinterpret the classical notion of creation ex nihilo. He does sometimes talk of "matter", but it is not clear what he is talking about then. It is not matter in the usual sense.
Pseudo-Dionysius, prime influence for the Periphyseon

PERIPHYSEON BOOK 1 (13MB)         PERIPHYSEON BOOK 2 (13.8MB)
PERIPHYSEON BOOK 3 (18.5MB)         PERIPHYSEON BOOK 4 (18MB)
     PERIPHYSEON BOOK 5 (24.7MB)

Late Antiquity Neoplatonism

The Concept of Nothingness in Jewish Mysticism

Dr. AK Coomaraswamy "Vedanta and the Western Tradition"

Electromagnetic Theory Reflection & Refraction of Light

Bhaskara the Vedantin

Meister Eckhart and Eastern Tradition

Upside-down Tree of the Bhagavad Gita

The Indo-European Prehistory of Yoga

Proclus Commentary on the Timaeus of Plato

A Treatise of Archimedes on Mechanical Principles

Reading Neoplatonism by Sarah Rappe

A Comparison of Egyptian Symbols with Those of Hewbew Ones

A History of Elementary Mathematics

A Short History of Greek Mathematics

Platonic Philosophy in the Bible

An Essay on Symbolism of Colors

An Essay on the Platonic Idea

Zeus: A Study in Ancient Religion Volume 1

Zeus: A Study in Ancient Religion Volume 2 part 2

Zeus: A Study in Ancient Religion Volume 3 parts 1 and 2

The Curves of Life, spirals in Nature

Spirals in Nature and Art

The Triumph of Wiseman over Fortune by T. Taylor

Essays on the Beautiful by Plotinus  T. Taylor

Martineau Essays and Writtings Vol 2

Martineau Essays and Writtings Vol 1

Greek Coins and their Parent Cities

Man and the Cosmos

Aristotle's Metaphysics

The Metaphysical Basis of Plato's Ethics

Nature's Harmonic Unity*

Plato and Platonism

Platonism by Paul Elmer More

Proportional Form*

Six Essays on the Platonic Theory of Knowledge

Symbolism of the East and West

Symbolism on Ancient Greek Coins

The Cults of the Greek States

The Field of Philosophy

The Migration of Symbols (important)

The Number System of Algebra

Types of Greek Coins

Typical Modern Conceptions of God

Plato and Platonism Lectures